Let Us Pray
This chapter requires a prayer because we are “walking on hallowed ground.” Let us pray. “Abba Father, I believe in you. I believe in your Son, our Savior Jesus Christ, and your Holy Spirit. “The heavens declare your glory, and the sky above proclaims your handiwork” (Psalm 19:1 NKJV). “Please, show me Your glory” (Moses in Ex 33:18 NKJV). Abba Father, please fill me with your presence and give me the strength to glorify you with my life. “The Spirit Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are your children, and if children, then heirs—heirs of you, Abba Father and joint heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him, that we may also be glorified together. For I consider the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us” (Rom 8:18 NKJV).
“I ask that you, our glorious Father, may give me the Spirit of wisdom and revelation so that I may know you better. I pray that the eyes of my heart may be enlightened in order that I may know the hope to which you called me, the riches of my glorious inheritance in your holy people” (Eph 1:17-18 NKJV). In your name I pray, Amen.” (Notice how the Scripture makes for great prayers. You cannot possibly do better than our Abba Father’s words; use them more often in prayer.)
Introduction
The centers of traditional teaching are our Abba Father’s love, being saved, and his promises to us. S7M1 expands on the covenant of redemption (being saved); it is not just a promise. I offer that every aspect of our Abba Father is contained and reflected in his glory, not just his love and promises. His glory reflects his full majesty; a significant part of his glory is his presence in our lives. Please pray on that.
The relationship focus with our Abba Father is so important. We cannot have a personal relationship with anyone only in our brain; it must also be in our GCS heart. But ELB leads us to salvation, focusing on ourselves and his promises, which minimizes the sanctification process and our relationship.
ELB includes our Abba Father in our lives, but not in the full context of his glory. Primarily just as “the God.” Our Abba Father’s “glory” is the missing element of weak faith. ELB tells us that the full glory of God is beyond our comprehension. I believe just the opposite.
The Scripture paints a beautiful picture when we embrace the supernatural world. Our Abba Father created believers to understand it enough to relate to it. As believers, our GCS is only complete with our connection to our Abba Father through the Holy Spirit, who will teach us all things, and Jesus.
Our Abba Father’s glory is infinite. Glory is one of the few English words that work better for us than the ancient word, which means “heavy.” Let’s review the dictionary meanings of glory: “Praise, exaltation and honor, something worthy of praise, exaltation, and honor.”[i]
Consider David speaking in Psalm 106:19-20 NKJV, “They made a calf in Horeb, And worshiped the molded image. Thus they changed their glory Into the image of an ox that eats grass. They forgot God their Savior . . .” “Glory” is used above to emphasize the entire nature of our Abba Father, not just his name. I find that profound.
But also notice that “their glory” changed; they were the loser, not our Abba father. The closer we get to our Abba father in our relationship, the more glorious we become. “They forgot God their Savior” because they did not have a relationship with him. Psalm 106 is David speaking. Our Abba Father chose him to be great and show us how to be great. Israel asked for a king and was still looking for one when their Messiah came.
David was not enough because of ELB. And ELB wants us to be still waiting for our Messiah to return. In our relationship with our Abba Father, he is truly here now. Family members are waiting for the new house, we already have our Messiah.
John 11:3-4 NKJV, “Therefore the sisters (Martha, Mary) sent to Him, saying, “Lord, behold, he whom You love is sick (Lazarus).”When Jesus heard that, He said, “This sickness is not unto death, but for the glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified through it.“
The above verse is profound. Sickness is not unto death; we have an eternal life spirit. ELB wants us to see the sickness. Our Abba Father wants us to see him and the work of Jesus on the cross to reconnect us with our Abba Father for eternity. We need to light up when we see the glory and bask in it. That was not just another day at the office for our Abba Father and Savior.
I have never understood why believers pray so hard to keep our loved ones from being with Jesus. ELB wants us to hold onto this life as tight as we can. When we live in the glory of our Abba Father, we pray in his will and celebrate his answers. As I say often, what is the point of believing in God if you do not want to meet him?
Hebrews 1:3 NKJV, “He (Jesus) is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power.” That is another profound verse. In ELB, we see Jesus in his human form, not the radiance of our Abba Father’s glory. Jesus is “the word of God’s radiance; he upholds the universe. (Colossians 1:17 ESV, NIV, “And he is before all things, and in him, all things hold together.” (A close read of Revelation shows that this universe gets re-arranged, not replaced.)
Now let’s go to work. Romans 15:7 NKJV, “Therefore receive one another, just as Christ also received us, to the glory of God.” When we get together in church or related groups, do we receive each other as Christ received us to the “glory of God?” Or do we see other people in ELB who know God? When Jesus said, “love others as I have loved you,” he had his glory and radiance on his mind.
Mt. Sinai
A new era in our Abba Father’s plan started when Israel arrived at the base of Mt. Sinai to meet with our Abba Father in Exodus 19. They came from Egypt accompanied by our Abba Father in a cloud and the pre-incarnate Jesus as the Angel of the LORD leading them and protecting them. Our Abba Father accomplished an enormous amount of work in Exodus. He established a constitution and a codified set of laws for a godly nation to love our Abba Father and each other. Our focus here is still our Abba Father’s glory and our relationship with him.
At Mt. Sinai, our Abba Father came down from his heavenly home, Mt. Zion. Exodus 19:3-6, “And Moses went up to God, and the LORD called to him from the mountain, saying, “Thus you shall say to the house of Jacob, and tell the children of Israel: ‘You have seen what I did to the Egyptians, and how I bore you on eagles’ wings and brought you to Myself (Please pray on “brought you to myself”). Now therefore, if you will indeed obey My voice and keep My covenant, then you shall be a special treasure to Me above all people; for all the earth is Mine. And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.“
Have you ever heard a pastor even once include Exodus 19:3-6 when sharing our Abba Father’s promises? That is the covenant I refer to that accompanies the promises. But no worry, now you can add it yourself; you don’t need a middleman. It is a huge faith builder.
Moses took the words back to the people. Exodus 19:8-9 NKJV, “Then all the people answered together and said, “All that the LORD has spoken we will do.” That is still true for the Body of Christ today, the church, and us. We know how shallow the people’s agreement was, and that is similar for too many believers today, typically raised in a church that worshipped but paid little attention to our relationships. My point is not to critique but to inspire my readers to reach higher than worship and move into our relationship.
“So Moses brought back the words of the people to the LORD. And the LORD said to Moses, “Behold, I come to you in the thick cloud, that the people may hear when I speak with you, and believe you forever.”
Our Abba Father meeting with Israel on Mt. Sinai is a unique experience in the Old Testament. Up to that point, we have seen our Abba Father working through the pre-incarnate Jesus, talking to individual people. Our Abba Father wanted to present himself personally to the people of Israel before heading to the promised land. He came to the people in a thick cloud to personally talk to them. That strongly suggests that he wants a very personal relationship. Please pray on that.
Exodus 19:16-17 NKJV, “Then it came to pass on the third day, in the morning, that there were thunderings and lightnings, and a thick cloud on the mountain; and the sound of the trumpet was very loud, so that all the people who were in the camp trembled.” (We just experienced his glory.) And Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet with God, and they stood at the foot of the mountain.”
That encounter needed some preparation. Exodus 19:11-12 NKJV. “For on the third day the LORD will come down upon Mount Sinai in the sight of all the people. You shall set bounds for the people all around, saying, ‘Take heed to yourselves that you do not go up to the mountain or touch its base. Whoever touches the mountain shall surely be put to death.“
The full glory of our Abba Father is beyond our comprehension. We understand material fire and cannot survive it if we come too close. But in Daniel, our Abba Father protected Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego from the material fire, likely by pre-incarnate Jesus as the fourth person in the furnace. Nothing can protect us from our Abba Father’s fire. And yet, he made a way to form a relationship with us. He bridges that gap to be in us. And ELB says, move along and focus on life down here.
Moses comes back and delivers what he was told on the mountain, the ten commandments. But Israel is not up to the moment. Exodus20:18-19 NKJV, “Now all the people witnessed the thunderings, the lightning flashes, the sound of the trumpet, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled and stood afar off. Then they said to Moses, “You speak with us, and we will hear; but let not God speak with us, lest we die.” The people were afraid of God with them. Today is the opposite; too many have zero fear and too much ELB. Please pray on that.
Exodus20:20 NKJV, “And Moses said to the people, “Do not fear; for God has come to test you, and that His fear may be before you, so that you may not sin.” So the people stood afar off, but Moses drew near the thick darkness where God was.” Moses explains that we should be too scared to even think about disobeying our Abba Father.
Here is what too many believers completely miss. We see Abraham, Moses, and David as Old Testament heroes, mighty men of God. And we see ourselves as Israel, the flawed people. Moses is not afraid; he has a close relationship with our Abba Father. After Jesus’ work on the cross, we are supposed to be like Moses, Abraham, and David, closely connected to our Abba Father with us in him and him in us through the Holy Spirit; citizens of heaven right now, doing our job in the Family business. Please pray on that.
Exodus 21-23 presents more laws and establishes the altar and sacrifices. In Exodus 24, Moses presents the new material, and the people again say, “All the words which the Lord has said we will do” (Exodus 24:3). Now we will see our Abba Father’s glory presented as Moses goes back up the mountain.
Exodus 24:9-11, “Then Moses went up, also Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel, and they saw the God of Israel. And there was under His feet as it were a paved work of sapphire stone, and it was like the very heavens in its clarity. But on the nobles of the children of Israel, He did not lay His hand. So they saw God, and they ate and drank.” They all saw our Abba Father’s feet under the cloud from afar. He is standing in glory on a surface similar to the throne room.
Exodus 24:12-18 NKJV, “Then the Lord said to Moses, “Come up to Me on the mountain and be there; and I will give you tablets of stone, and the law and commandments which I have written, that you may teach them . . . Then Moses went up into the mountain, and a cloud covered the mountain. Now the glory of the LORD rested on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days.” And on the seventh day He called to Moses out of the midst of the cloud.“
“The sight of the glory of the LORD was like a consuming fire on the top of the mountain in the eyes of the children of Israel. So Moses went into the midst of the cloud and went up into the mountain. And Moses was on the mountain forty days and forty nights.”
Let’s stand back and review the above. The glory of our Abba Father is on display. But is that really the only point? No! The people saw from far away the glory of our Abba Father, not an image with a human form, and not as an Angel, nothing but his glory revealed.
We know the creator of all things is beyond comprehension. But glory is a concept we can understand, and our Abba Father brought it to the people in person. Our Abba Father created a way for us to relate to him. That is where our hearts and mind should be, in our relationship with the full glory of our Abba Father.
During the forty days Moses was with our Abba Father, Exodus 25-31 NKJV, he received the plans for the tabernacle, the priesthood, and the tablets of stone written by our Abba Father’s finger. But Moses was gone too long for the people of Israel. Exodus 32 is the golden calf story, and it is an amazing exchange between our Abba Father, Moses, and the people as Moses begs for the people’s forgiveness and succeeds.
The Promised Land
In Chapter 33, our Abba Father tells Moses it is time to leave for the promised land. Exodus 33:1-2 NKJV, “Then the LORD (Yahweh) said to Moses, “Depart and go up from here, you and the people whom you have brought out of the land of Egypt . . . And I will send My Angel before you . . . for I will not go up in your midst, lest I consume you on the way, for you are a stiff-necked people.”
Our Abba Father is not happy with his people. Exodus 33:9-11 NKJV, “And it came to pass, when Moses entered the tabernacle, that the pillar of cloud descended and stood at the door of the tabernacle, and the LORD (Yahweh) talked with Moses. All the people saw the pillar of cloud standing at the tabernacle door . . . So the LORD (Yahweh) spoke to Moses, face to face, as a man speaks to his friend.” The “face to face” in the ancient language is a metaphor for the closeness of their relationship; it can’t be a physical interaction.
Because our Abba Father is upset with his people, he offers only his “presence” to go with them, no more clouds. Exodus 33:14 NKJV, “And He said, “My Presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.” (His presence is pre-incarnate Jesus, and what does Jesus bring in the New Testament? He brings rest!) Moses answers, Exodus 33:15-17 NKJV, “Then he said to Him, “If Your Presence does not go with us, do not bring us up from here. For how then will it be known that Your people and I have found grace in Your sight, except You go with us? So the LORD (Yahweh) said to Moses, “I will also do this thing that you have spoken; for you have found grace in My sight, and I know you by name.”
Notice the “grace” in Exodus 33:15-17 NKJV. “Favor” is the more common translation. Moses does not mention forgiveness. Sin is not in this exchange; Moses relates to his Abba Father. But Moses wants it all. He wants the glory! Exodus 33:19 NKJV, “And he said, “Please, show me Your glory.” And our Abba Father answers Moses’ prayer, “I will make all My goodness pass before you, and I will proclaim the name of the LORD (Yahweh) before you.” We continue with Exodus 33:20 NKJV, “But He said, “You cannot see My face; for no man shall see Me, and live.” But our Abba Father goes even farther.
Exodus 33:21-22 NKJV, “And the LORD (Yahweh) said, “Here is a place by Me, and you shall stand on the rock. So it shall be, while My glory passes by, that I will put you in the cleft of the rock, and will cover you with My hand while I pass by. Then I will take away My hand, and you shall see My back, but My face shall not be seen.“
This passage is mysterious. How can our Abba Father send only his goodness and glory in bodily form with a hand, a back, and a face? And we saw feet on the mountain. Up to this point, we have seen mostly fire and clouds. What if, when he says, “My glory passing by,” he refers to pre-incarnate Jesus? When he said he would send his “presence” with Moses, that is who he was talking about.
Jesus is our Abba Father’s hands on earth. What is different here from the Angel and word of the LORD (Yahweh), which people saw, is that our Abba Father’s glory is on display.
That is what I see, led by the Holy Spirit. It may or may not resonate with my readers, scholars, or traditionalists; I claim nothing beyond my heart, but it fits and feels fantastic to bask in our Abba Father’s glory. No matter what Exodus 33:21-22 says to you, bask in our Abba Father’s glory with the Holy Spirit. The reality is nothing satisfied Israel for very long. But after Jesus, we have all we need to bask continuously in all his glory.
My first read is that we must decide whether we are Moses or just a crowd member. Our Abba Father’s relationship with Moses is beautiful, as it is with King David. But what does it say about our relationship with our Abba Father? We have a new covenant with Jesus to be a “Moses,” but are we still just “walking in the desert” toward the promised land in heaven?
Do we get up every day and mark time toward the end, or pitch in and gather and help as many as possible to make it to the promised land with us? Are we fighting the enemy or closing our eyes in ELB? Can we see our Abba Father’s glory with our eyes closed?
Abba Father Gets Personal
We now move from the Old Testament to the New Testament. In ELB, we see our life down here with the Holy Three are somewhere “out there.” We have no vision of them to see them because ELB is keeping us focused on this world and life to weaken our faith.
I love the divine spirit world of our Abba Father because it helps get our minds off ourselves and what he can do for us and onto our purpose in life, the “why” our Abba Father made us. Growing our relationship with him is always a put-off and a put-on process. Put off the ELB and put on the new in Christ as his new creation.
Paul has an incredible prayer in Ephesians 3:14-21. Please read it very slowly, “For this reason I kneel before the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth derives its name. I pray that out of his glorious riches he may strengthen you with power through his Spirit in your inner being, so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith. And I pray that you, being rooted and established in love, may have power, together with all the Lord’s holy people, to grasp how wide and long and high and deep is the love of Christ, and to know this love that surpasses knowledge—that you may be filled to the measure of all the fullness of God.” Now to him who is able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine, according to his power that is at work within us, to him be glory in the church and in Christ Jesus throughout all generations, for ever and ever! Amen.“
Paul covers the entire Family in heaven and earth, the Holy Three, and how it works. Let’s take a closer look in v3:20-21, “Now to Him who is able to do exceedingly abundantly above all that we ask or think, according to the power that works in us, to Him be glory in the church by Christ Jesus to all generations, forever and ever. Amen.”
Our Abba Father calls us to be his glory in the church. Not just act out, but to be his glory. Jesus’ one commandment to love others as he loved us is front and center in believers. But our purpose, why we are here, is to glorify our Abba Father in all we do.
Love is only a part of his glory. We can passively love him even in the context of obedience as the core of godly love. But we cannot glorify him passively; we must engage with others to glorify him. Paul said, 1 Cor 10:31, “So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God.“
It all starts with recognizing and experiencing our Abba Father’s glory and then realizing that WE, as his imagers are our Abba Father’s plan and strategy for non-believers to see and experience his glory and want it for themselves. Please pray on that.
It is not rocket surgery to understand the attributes of our Abba Father’s perfection, love, grace, power, magnificence, grandeur, abilities, and wrath against sin. I omitted one attribute in the previous phrase that is also simple. The critical attribute of the glory that ELB wants kept from us is our Abba Father’s presence with and in us. Please pray on that because his presence is everywhere and in everything for us to experience (i.e., “see”). But too many “eyes” are closed.
Believing to the fullest means seeing our Abba Father’s full glory, not just seeing our redemption. With eyes opened in our faith, we become part of and share in his glory! Keep reading and praying until you burn this message into your heart.
John 1:32-34, “Then John (the Baptist) gave this testimony: “I saw the Spirit come down from heaven as a dove and remain on him. And I myself did not know him, but the one who sent me to baptize with water told me, ‘The man on whom you see the Spirit come down and remain is the one who will baptize with the Holy Spirit.’ I have seen and I testify that this is God’s Chosen One.”
John 1:32-34 is the starting point in ELB for Jesus, and we must change that understanding. Jesus is everywhere in the Old Testament. Israel could not see him, but we can see him. We now know that pre-incarnate Jesus is everywhere in the Old Testament. The Angel of the LORD/the word of the LORD in the Kingdom of God is the Old Covenant, once we figure it out. Jesus is integral to the Old Testament, bringing our Abba Father to his people. He was just as fully present then as he is now. And then, he was transformed in the New Testament into the incarnate Jesus through a miracle birth. We now have the whole story and should recalibrate our thinking. Jesus is not a sub-entity in the Old Testament that becomes full in the New, he was always fully existent, and he is coming again with our new world.
He was sacrificed and conquered death for us as the next step in the plan. And now our life is about the future, his return, not the past. Please pray on that. Stop living this life looking out the rearview window and get to work. Love is only a part of his glory. We can passively love him even in the context of obedience as the core of godly love. But we cannot glorify him passively, we must engage with others to glorify him. Paul said, “So, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God” (1 Cor 10:31).
But it all starts with recognizing and experiencing our Abba Father’s glory and then realizing that WE, as his imagers are our Abba Father’s plan and strategy for non-believers to see and experience his glory and want it for themselves. Please pray on that.
It is not rocket surgery to understand the attributes of our Abba Father’s perfection, love, grace, power, magnificence, grandeur, abilities and wrath against sin. I omitted one attribute in the previous phrase that is also not complicated. The key attribute of the glory that ELB wants kept from us is our Abba Father’s presence with and in us. Please pray on that because his presence is everywhere and in everything for us to experience (i.e. “see”). But too many “eyes” are closed.
When opened in our belief, we become part of and share in his glory! Keep reading and praying until this message is burned into your heart. Believing to the fullest means seeing our Abba Father’s full glory, not just seeing our redemption.
John 1:32-34, “And John (the Baptist) bore witness, saying, “I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and He remained upon Him. I did not know Him, but He who sent me to baptize with water said to me, ‘Upon whom you see the Spirit descending, and remaining on Him, this is He who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.’ And I have seen and testified that this is the Son of God.”
We can now see that the pre-incarnate Jesus is everywhere in the Old Testament. But that thinking is backwards. The Angel of the LORD/the word of the LORD in the Kingdom of God come first in the revelation of him, once we figure it out. He is an integral part of the Old Testament, bringing our Abba Father to his people.
He was just as fully present then as he is now. And then he was transformed in the New Testament into the incarnate Jesus through a miracle birth. We now have the full story and should recalibrate our thinking. He is not a sub-entity in the Old Testament that becomes full in the New, he was always fully existent and he is coming again in our new world. He came to be sacrificed and conquer death for us as the next step in the plan and our life is now about the future, his return, not the past. Stop living this life looking at the rearview window and get to work. Please pray on that.
Our Vision of our Abba Father
I want a vision of the Kingdom in Heaven to finish our relationship and entirely defeat ELB. Look at 1 Timothy 1:17, “Now to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory for ever and ever. Amen.” That verse sets the stage for the invisible Father, who is “honor and glory.” 1 John 4:12, “No one has ever seen God; but if we love one another, God abides in us and his love is made complete in us.” S6M2 explains the word “abide.” That verse reinforces how believers are set apart from others and how connected we are for glorifying our Abba Father.
Romans 1:20, “For since the creation of the world God’s invisible qualities, his eternal power, and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that people are without excuse.” That verse builds our faith in the context of the invisible nature of our Abba Father. What he made reveals his unique attributes to create, but we still need to figure out what attribute can make a thought about the earth, and it becomes the earth.
John 1:18, “No one has ever seen God, but the one and only Son, who is himself God and is in closest relationship with the Father, has made him known.” Everything we know about Jesus is the best explanation of our Abba Father we will ever get in the context of our earthly life. Where people miss out is in the context of our heavenly life, where the magnificent glory of our Abba Father radiates out to us. Please pray on that.
The Throne
There is another view of our Abba Father sitting on his throne in Heaven. Combined with the Cherubim, etc., the images of the throne are very complicated. Stephen received a look into Heaven in Acts 7:55-56, “But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God, and said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the right hand of God.” That verse is straightforward with God and Jesus in the throne room.
Our human nature requires words to have a specific source. In that context, a ruler’s words would have a seat of power. The temple was a specific place to worship. That concept is our human nature, and our Abba Father appears to create an image of that structure for us to focus on. Beyond that point, the symbology of the throne room seems unrelated to the throne itself and likely applies to more of his glorious characteristics.
When you pray and worship our Abba Father, praying to his image on his throne will lift your faith and affirm your citizenship in Heaven in this life. I go no further because nothing about it has grown my relationship or faith. When the Holy Spirit leads me into the throne subject, I will add it to a future book. It is much more critical that the Scripture resonates with you than any need to crack its codes.
Conclusion
Jesus and Peter have an interesting exchange in Mathew 16:15-17, “He saith unto them, But who say ye that I am? And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-Jonah: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father who is in heaven.”
Jesus told Peter the Holy Spirit delivered a divine revelation from “the living God.” Jesus came to earth, and many saw him. But how we relate to him has never been the first reaction for too many believers. I believe the wisdom of our Abba Father is that seeing him in any tangible form would immediately limit him in our hearts and mind. But no image also causes us to minimize him in our lives.
He showed us enough to have a direction to look toward, but we are to “see him” as all that he is, in all his attributes and glory. As I wrote that sentence, I could feel the Holy Spirit saying, “finally!” Please test it for yourselves. We will see what we will see when we are with him, but until then, I have peace and joy in “seeing” the throne image as a “transformer” that connects us to his glory and magnificence through Jesus and the Holy Spirit. In this life, he sees us through Jesus, who acts like Polaroid sunglasses that block the glare of sin and let the pure image through. And only if we believe can we fully “see” him! But what we want even more is to experience him. John 11:40, “Jesus saith unto her, Said I not unto thee, that, if thou believest, thou shouldest see the glory of God?” John 14:19-20, “Yet a little while, and the world beholdeth me no more; but ye behold me: because I live, ye shall live also. In that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, and I in you.” John 14:21, “He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me: and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I will love him, and will manifest myself unto him.”
4 Merriam-Webster.com. 2011. https://www.merriam-webster.com (8 May 2011).
